Before filing, we asked ten leading AI models to find prior art against our own patent application — a real task, with real money and a real deadline riding on the answer. Between them they produced ten patent citations. We checked every one against the USPTO register.
Not one of these models was being careless. They were doing the task we gave them, on the kind of question people are already trusting them with.
One model's headline finding — the prior art it called the single greatest threat to our application — does not exist as described. Acting on it would have meant narrowing our claims against a patent that isn't there.
This is the part that matters. The numbers resolve. They're genuine, granted patents. Only the attribution is wrong.
So a “does this citation exist?” check passes nine of the ten. Existence is not the test. Attribution is — and it's the one almost nobody runs.
US 10,853,527 — IBM, “Verification of factual assertions”
A real patent number. A plausible title. Exactly the prior art you'd fear.
US 10,853,527 — “System for Loss Prevention and Recovery of Electronic Devices”, Top Dawg Media.
The patent is real. It's about stopping people stealing your phone.
Read this honestly: ten citations on one real task, checked against the USPTO register on 15 July 2026. It is a count, not a rate — we are not telling you that AI is wrong 80% of the time, and anyone who quotes it that way (including us) is over-reading it. What it does show is the failure mode: a real identifier attached to the wrong record, which every existence check in the world will wave straight through.
AttestAlly — because “the AI cited it” isn’t a defence.
Every one of these was found by somebody else: a judge, opposing counsel, a researcher. None were caught in-house.
A $5,000 Rule 11 sanction after a brief cited six decisions that were never written. Asked to confirm the citations were real, the model said they were.
Sullivan & Cromwell filed wrong and fabricated citations in the Prince Group wind-down. Opposing counsel found them — not the firm’s own review.
A Deloitte report on a AUD 440,000 government contract carried a fabricated Federal Court quote and references to papers that do not exist. A university researcher found it.
Every documented case we track →
Summaries by AttestAlly. Each clipping links to the original reporting.